Present Continuous

Sadašnje trajno vreme u engleskom jeziku

Present Continuous ili sadašnje trajno vreme je drugo sadašnje vreme u engleskom jeziku, pored Present Simple vremena.

UKRATKO: Present Continuous koristimo za radnje koje se dešavaju u momentu govora (sada); privremene radnje; za izražavanje budućnosti kada govorimo o utvrđenim planovima i dogovorima; promene i trendovi; kao i ponavljajuće radnje.

SADRŽAJ:

IZJAVNA REČENICA U PRESENT CONTINUOUS VREMENU

Da bi formirali izjavnu rečenicu (positive sentence) u Present Continuous vremenu potrebna su nam dva glagola. Npr. ako želimo reći – Ja sada učim engleski jezik – to ćemo izraziti na engleskom jeziku:

I am learning English now.

U ovoj rečenici imamo dva glagola:

  • am (glagol biti za prvo lice jednine – I) i
  • learning

Am je u Present Continuous vremenu pomoćni glagol i pomaže nam da izrazimo sadašnjost. Learning je glavni glagol i daje nam informaciju o radnji, stanju ili zbivanju u samoj rečenici.

Sve rečenice u Present Continuous vremenu imaju ova dva glagola (pomoćni i glavni glagol).

Spomenuli smo Am kao pomoćni glagol jer smo imali I (ja) kao subjekta. Ako su nam subjekti he ili npr. they, koje pomoćne glagole ćemo koristiti?

Naravno, ostale oblike glagola biti u prezentu, a to su: am, is i are.

  • I am
  • You are
  • He is
  • She is
  • It is
  • We are
  • You are
  • They are

Na ovu konstrukciju sada dodajemo glavni glagol sa nastavkom ING na kraju i dobili smo glagol u Present Continuous vremenu.

Izjavnu rečenicu (positive sentence) gradimo na sledeći način:

subjekat + am, is ili are + Ving

Na primer:

  • I am reading a fascinating book.

  • You are learning to play the guitar.

  • He is watching a documentary.

  • She is writing a story.

  • It is snowing heavily outside.

  • We are planning a trip to the mountains.

  • You are preparing for the group presentation.

  • They are enjoying a picnic in the park.

ODRIČNA REČENICA U PRESENT CONTINUOUS VREMENU

Odričnu rečenicu (negative sentence) gradimo na sledeći način:

subjekat + am, is, are + not + Ving

Rečca not se dodaje direktno na određeni oblik pomoćnog glagola biti.

  • am + not = am not
    • ‘m not (skraćeni oblik)
  • is + not = is not
    • isn’t (skraćeni oblik)
    • ‘s not (skraćeni oblik)
  • are + not = are not
    • aren’t (skraćeni oblik)
    • ‘re not (skraćeni oblik)

Uz pomoć glagola watch i kroz sva lica to izgleda ovako:

  • I’m not watching
  • You aren’t watching
  • He isn’t watching
  • She isn’t watching
  • It isn’t watching
  • We aren’t watching
  • You aren’t watching
  • They aren’t watching

Kao što vidimo iz primera, oblik glavnog glagola je ostao isti bez obzira na lice i vrstu rečenice, tj. Ving.

  • I am not watching TV right now.

  • You are not studying at the moment.

  • He is not playing football today.

  • She is not cooking dinner.

  • It is not working properly.

  • We are not traveling this week.

  • You are not listening to music.

  • They are not singing in the concert.

"DA LI" PITANJA U PRESENT CONTINUOUS VREMENU

Upitnu rečenicu (question) gradimo na sledeći način:

Am, Is ili Are + subjekat + Ving

Na primer:

  • Are you watching TV right now?
  • Is she cooking dinner at the moment?
  • Are they playing football in the park?
  • Is he studying for his exam?
  • Are we going to the party tonight?
  • Is your brother working late today?
  • Are you listening to music?
  • Is it raining outside?
  • Are they chatting on the phone?
  • Are you enjoying your day?

Da li pitanja u Present Continuous vremenu sa glagolom look izmenjan kroz sva lica izgleda ovako:

  • Am I looking
  • Are you looking
  • Is he looking
  • Is she looking
  • Is it looking
  • Are we looking
  • Are you looking
  • Are they looking

I kod upitnog oblika, glavni glagol je ostao u svom ing obliku.

KRATKI ODGOVORI

Na “da li” pitanja odgovaramo sa da ili ne. 

  • Are you looking for your glasses?

Iako na ovo pitanje možemo da odgovorimo sa kratkim YES ili NO, pravilo je da se koriste kratki odgovori, tj:

  • Yes, I am.
  • No, I’m not.

Kratak odgovor se sastoji iz 3 dela:

  1. Yes ili No,
  2. Lična zamenica (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
  3. Pomoćni glagol (am, is, are, ‘m not, isn’t, aren’t)

U nastavku se nalaze primeri pitanja sa njihovim kratkim odgovorima:

  • I

    • Am I talking too fast?

      • Yes, I am. 

      • No, I’m not.

  • You (jednina)

    • Are you reading a book?

      • Yes, I am. 

      • No, I’m not.

  • He

    • Is he watching TV?

      • Yes, he is. 

      • No, he isn’t.

  • She

    • Is she writing a letter?

      • Yes, she is. 

      • No, she isn’t.

  • It

    • Is it raining outside?

      • Yes, it is. 

      • No, it isn’t.

  • We

    • Are we playing tennis?

      • Yes, we are.

      • No, we aren’t.

  • You (množina)

    • Are you learning English?

      • Yes, we are. 

      • No, we aren’t.

  • They

    • Are they cooking dinner?

      • Yes, they are. 

      • No, they aren’t.

PITANJA SA UPITNIM REČIMA

Iznad su bili primeri za “da li” pitanja, odnosno pitanja gde su odgovori da ili ne. Pitanja sa upitnim rečima (ko, šta, gde itd.) se nalaze u nastavku.

Wh- + am, is ili are + subjekat + Ving

Wh- se odnosi na upitne reči u engleskom jeziku. Upitne reči su označene kao wh- zato što većina ovih reči počinje sa wh. 

Na primer:

  • What are you doing right now?

  • Where is she going this evening?

  • Who is calling you at the moment?

  • Why are they laughing so much?

  • Which book is he reading?

  • When are we meeting for dinner?

  • How is she feeling today?

  • What are they talking about?

  • Where is your brother studying?

PRAVILA PISANJA (SPELLING) PRILIKOM DODAVANJA NASTAVKA ING

Glagol Ving Pravilo
walk
walking
osnovno pravilo: dodajemo nastavak -ing na kraju glagola
drink
drinking
watch
watching
come
coming
kod glagola koji se završavaju na -e, e se briše i dodaje se nastavak -ing
write
writing
dance
dancing
tie
tying
kod glagola koji se završavaju na ie, ie prelazi u y, i dodajemo nastavak -ing
lie
lying
die
dying
swim
swimming
jednosložni (kratki) glagoli koji se završavaju na suglasnik – samoglasnik – suglasnik, poslednji suglasnik se duplira i dodaje se nastavak -ing
stop
stopping
chat
chatting
prefer
preferring
glagol (dvo- i višesložni) koji se završava na suglasnik – samoglasnik – suglasnik: Dupliramo poslednji suglasnik samo ako je naglasak na poslednjem slogu + ing 
begin
beginning
hapen
hapenning
study
studying
kod glagola koji se završavaju na y ili w, samo dodajemo nastavak -ing
snow
snowing
enjoy
enjoying

FORMULE GRAĐENJA PRESENT CONTINUOUS VREMENA

present continuous formula građenja

RADNJE KOJE SE DEŠAVAJU SADA

Pod “radnjama koje se dešavaju sada” podrazumevamo radnje koje se dešavaju u momentu govora, odnosno sada.

  • I am typing this message at the moment.

  • You are reading this sentence right now.

  • The birds are chirping outside as we speak.

  • She is talking on the phone with her friend.

  • They are playing football in the park.

Iz primera vidimo da smo imali neke vremenske odrednice koje su nam ovde pomogle:

  • at the moment
  • right now
  • as we speak
  • now

PRIVREMENE RADNJE

Privremene radnje su radnje i situacije koje su privremene, a ne trajne i ovde koristimo Present Continuous iako se ove radnje ne dešavaju ovog momenta.

  • She is staying with her friend for a week.

  • I am staying at my aunt’s house until my apartment is ready.

  • She is working on a special project this week.

  • They are learning Spanish for their upcoming trip to Spain.

  • He is using his brother’s laptop while his own is being repaired.

  • We are visiting our grandparents for a few days.

  • You are wearing a jacket because it’s colder than usual today.

  • The company is hiring new employees for the summer season.

  • He is studying hard for his exams, whereas usually he takes it easy.

  • She is drinking tea instead of coffee these days.

  • My neighbors are renovating their house this month.

“Privremenost” ovih radnji smo označili vremenskim odrednicama ili smo naveli period ili uslov do kada će situacija biti završena.

Vremenske odrednice su bile:

  • this week
  • a few days
  • for a week
  • today
  • for the summer season
  • these days
  • this month

BUDUĆNOST

Present Continuous možemo koristiti i da izrazimo buduće planove ili dogovore. 

Za ove buduće planove ili dogovore važi:

  • odluka je doneta i napravili smo plan ili ugovorili dogovor (aranžman), a to može izgledati ovako:
    • zakazali smo pregled kod lekara (nazvali smo da zakažemo)
    • dogovorili smo se sa prijateljem za mesto i vreme sastanka
    • kupili smo karte za bioskop
    • kupili smo avionsku kartu
    • uplati smo ratu za letovanje i sl.
  • obično koristimo vremenske odrednice da izrazimo budućnost, kao npr: tomorrow, next year ili specifičan datum
  • situacija ili radnja može biti isplanirana unapred

Primeri:

  • I am meeting my friend for lunch tomorrow.

  • She is flying to Paris next week.

  • They are having a party on Saturday.

  • We are visiting our grandparents this weekend.

  • He is starting a new job next Monday.

  • The company is launching a new product next month.

  • My parents are coming to stay with us next week.

  • She is going to the dentist on Friday.

  • We are leaving for the airport at 6 AM.

  • The football team is playing an important match next Sunday.

PROMENE I TRENDOVI

Present Continuous možemo koristiti da opišemo radnje ili situacije koje se razvijaju i menjaju tokom vremena.

  • More people are switching to electric cars as fuel prices rise.
  • AI is transforming the way businesses operate.

  • The cost of living is increasing due to inflation.

  • Workplaces are becoming more flexible with remote options.

  • Companies are investing more in renewable energy.

  • Countries are banning single-use plastics to reduce pollution.

  • Young people are using social media to raise awareness on important issues.

  • More people are focusing on mental health and well-being.

  • Glaciers are melting faster than scientists predicted.

  • I am learning a new language to improve my career prospects.

PONAVLJAJUĆE RADNJE

Present Continuous možemo da koristimo da izrazimo radnje koje se ponavljaju da bi izrazili ljutnju ili naglasili učestalost. Ove radnje se često izražavaju uz pomoć priloga učestalosti kao što su always.

  • He is always forgetting his keys.

  • They are constantly interrupting me while I’m talking!

  • She is always leaving dirty dishes in the sink—it’s so frustrating.
  • You are always complaining about the weather, no matter the season!
  • My phone is always running out of battery too quickly!
  • People are constantly posting selfies on social media these days.