Past Simple

Prosto prošlo vreme u engleskom jeziku

Past Simple je prvo prošlo vreme sa kojim se susrećemo u engleskom jeziku.

UKRATKO: Past Simple koristimo za završene radnje u prošlosti; za niz radnji koje su se desile jedna za drugom; za izražavanje trajanja neke radnje u prošlosti; za navike u prošlosti, kao i za činjenice i opšte istine iz prošlosti.

SADRŽAJ:

GLAGOL BITI U PAST SIMPLE VREMENU

Glagol BITI je glagol na koji moramo obratiti posebnu pažnju kod građenja vremena, jer za njega važe malo drugačija pravila u odnosu na druge glagole.

Glagol BITI ima dva oblika u Past Simple vremenu koji zavise od lica (subjekta) rečenice.

Ta dva oblika su:

  • WAS
  • WERE

WAS koristimo za I, HE, SHE, IT, SINGULAR NOUNS (JA, ON, ONA, ONO, IMENICE U JEDNINI).

  • I was tired yesterday.

  • She was at the party.

  • The dog was very friendly.

WERE koristimo za WE, YOU, THEY, PLURAL NOUNS (MI, VI, ONI, TI, IMENICE U MNOŽINI).

  • You were late this morning.
  • We were on vacation last week.
  • The students were excited.

Izjavnu rečenicu (positive sentence) gradimo na sledeći način:

Subjekat + was ili were

Na primer:

  • The cat was on the roof.
  • The sandwiches were delicious.

Odričnu rečenicu (negative sentence) gradimo na sledeći način:

Subjekat + was not ili were not

Kod glagola biti, rečca not se dodaje direktno na određeni oblik glagola biti.

  • was + not = was not
    • wasn’t (skraćeni oblik)
  • were + not = were not
    • weren’t (skraćeni oblik)

Na primer:

  • I was not (wasn’t) ready.

  • They were not (weren’t) home.

Upitnu rečenicu (question) gradimo na sledeći način:

Was ili Were + subjekat

Na primer:

  • Was he at school?
  • Were they happy?

Ovo su bili primeri za “da li” pitanja, odnosno pitanja gde su odgovori da ili ne. Pitanja sa upitnim rečima (ko, šta, gde itd.) se nalaze u nastavku.

Wh- + was ili were + subjekat

Wh- se odnosi na upitne reči u engleskom jeziku. Upitne reči su označene kao wh- zato što većina ovih reči počinje sa wh. 

Na primer:

  • Where was she yesterday?
  • What were the results?

OSTALI GLAGOLI U PAST SIMPLE VREMENU

Sve glagole možemo podeliti na pravilne (regular) i nepravilne (irregular) glagole. Ovo nam je posebno važno za Past Simple vreme.

Pravilni glagoli (većina glagola su pravilni) grade Past Simple jednostavnim dodavanjem nastavka -d ili -ed na kraju glagola.

Nepravilni glagoli grade Past Simple uz pomoć liste nepravilnih glagola, tj. treba nam druga kolona.

Radi pojednostavljenja svih formula u nastavku, past simple oblik glagola ćemo označiti sa V2 (verb two – druga kolona liste nepravilnih glagola, tj. past simple).

Izjavnu rečenicu (positive sentence) gradimo na sledeći način:

Subjekat + V2

Ako uzmemo glagol walk (šetati) kao primer u različitim licima će biti:

  • I walked
  • You walked
  • He walked
  • She walked
  • It walked
  • We walked
  • You walked
  • They walked

Na osnovu primera sa glagolom “walk” primećujemo da je Past Simple oblik glagola isti za sva lica.

ODRIČNA REČENICA U PAST SIMPLE VREMENU

Formula za odrične rečenice (negative sentences) gradimo na sledeći način:

Subjekat + didn’t + V1

Uz pomoć glagola walk i kroz sva lica to izgleda ovako:

  • I didn’t walk
  • You didn’t walk
  • He didn’t walk
  • She didn’t walk
  • It didn’t walk
  • We didn’t walk
  • You didn’t walk
  • They didn’t walk

Odrični oblik Past Simple vremena je isti za sva lica. 

Takođe, pomoćni glagol (do) trpi sve izmene, uključujući prebacivanje u 2.kolonu (do – did) i negaciju (did + not = didn’t). Stoga, glavni glagol (u primeru iznad je to WALK) se vraća u svoj prvobitni oblik, tj. infinitiv.

PITANJA U PAST SIMPLE VREMENU

Formula za upitni oblik rečenice (question) se gradi na sledeći način:

Did + subjekat + V1

Upitni oblik sa glagolom walk izgleda ovako:

  • Did I walk
  • Did you walk
  • Did he walk
  • Did she walk
  • Did it walk
  • Did we walk
  • Did you walk
  • Did they walk

Kod upitnog oblika, kao i kod odričnog oblika, koristimo pomoćni glagol DID, a glavni glagol vraćamo u infinitiv (ili prvu kolonu).

Wh- pitanja (pitanja sa upitnim rečima) se grade na sledeći način:

Wh- + did + subjekat + V1

  • When did you buy a new car?
  • Why did you forget his birthday?

KRATKI ODGOVORI

Na “da li” pitanja odgovaramo sa da ili ne. 

  • Did you go to the cinema yesterday?

Iako na ovo pitanje možemo da odgovorimo sa kratkim YES ili NO, pravilo je da se koriste kratki odgovori, tj:

  • Yes, I did.
  • No, I didn’t.

Kratak odgovor se sastoji iz 3 dela:

  1. Yes ili No,
  2. Lična zamenica (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
  3. Pomoćni glagol (did, didn’t)

U nastavku se nalaze kratki odgovori za sva lica:

  • Did I go to the cinema yesterday?
    • Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
  • Did you go to the cinema yesterday?
    • Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
    • Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
  • Did he go to the cinema yesterday?
    • Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
  • Did she go to the cinema yesterday?

    • Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.

  • Did it work yesterday?

    • Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t.

  • Did we go to the cinema yesterday?
    • Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
  •  Did they go to the cinema yesterday?
    • Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
  •  

PRAVILA PISANJA (SPELLING) PRILIKOM DODAVANJA NASTAVAKA -d/-ed

Završetak glagola Pravilo Primeri
Završava se na -e
dodajemo -d
love – loved
Završava se na suglasnik + y
y prelazi u i + ed
study – studied
Završava se na samoglasnik + y
dodajemo -ed
play – played
Jednosložan glagol koji se završava na suglasnik-samoglasnik-suglasnik
poslednji suglasnik dupliramo + ed
stop – stopped
Višesložan glagol sa naglaskom na poslednjem slogu
poslednji suglasnik dupliramo + ed
admit – admitted
Završava se na -c
dodajemo -ked
panic – panicked
Završava se na -w, -x
bez dupliranja, dodajemo -ed
fix – fixed

LISTA NEPRAVILNIH GLAGOLA

V1 (infinitiv) V2 (past simple) V3 (past participle)
be
was / were
been
become
became
become
begin
began
begun
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
come
do
did
done
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feel
felt
felt
find
found
found
fly
flew
flown
forget
forgot
forgotten
get
got
got / gotten
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
V1 (infinitiv) V2 (past simple) V3 (past participle)
keep
kept
kept
know
knew
known
leave
left
left
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
read
read
read
run
ran
run
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
sit
sat
sat
speak
spoke
spoken
spend
spent
spent
stand
stood
stood
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
understand
understood
understood
wear
worn
worn

FORMULE GRAĐENJA PAST SIMPLE VREMENA

ZAVRŠENE RADNJE U PROŠLOSTI

Pod “završenim radnjama u prošlosti” se podrazumevaju radnje koje su počele i završile se u specifičnom trenutku u prošlosti.

  • I watched a movie last night.

  • She graduated in 2020.

  • They arrived at 8 PM.

  • We met at the conference last year.

  • He forgot his keys yesterday.

Ovde možete da koristite vremenske odrednice kao što su:

  • yesterday
  • last week (last)
  • in 2015 (years)
  • two days ago (ago)

NIZ RADNJI KOJE SU SE DOGODILE JEDNA ZA DRUGOM

Pod “nizom radnji” se podrazumeva serija nekoliko radnji koje su se dogodile jedna za drugom u prošlosti.

  • He woke up, brushed his teeth and left the house.

  • She entered the room, turned on the light and sat down.

  • We packed, called a taxi and headed to the airport.

  • They played, laughed and ate together.

Past Simple se ovde koristi za pričanje priči, kao i za opisivanje rutina ili dogođaja.

IZRAŽAVANJE TRAJANJA NEKE RADNJE U PROŠLOSTI

Past Simple možemo koristiti i za opisivanje nečega što je trajalo neki period u prošlosti, ali je sada završeno.

  • I lived in Berlin for three years.
  • She worked at that company from 2010 to 2015.
  • They studied all night.
  • We waited for two hours.

Često se koristi sa izrazima kao što su:

  • for,
  • from…to,
  • all day,
  • all night,
  • the whole week

Past Simple koristimo za radnje koje su se ponavljale ili za rutine, a koje su bile istinite u prošlosti i više se ne događaju.

  • I walked to school every day.
  • He played football every weekend.
  • We visited our grandparents every summer.

ČINJENICE I OPŠTE ISTINE IZ PROŠLOSTI

Past Simple koristimo i za izražavanje činjenica iz prošlosti, što uključuje i istorijske događaje.

  • The Romans built many roads.

  • Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.

  • He was the president in 1992.

  • People believed the Earth was flat.